The Pantheon- Rome

The Pantheon , Rome Overview

The former Roman temple, now a church, the Pantheon is one of the most ancient buildings in Rome. The oculus in this building is the main source of natural light and has been in continuous use throughout its history. Adopting a different, non-traditional structure from other Roman monuments, this attraction is one of the best-preserved buildings in the nation and is a must-visit for anyone who is interested in Roman history.

The construction of this building was conducted under the reign of Hadrian and its dome signifies the hard work and efforts of Roman architects. The building has a Latin inscription in the front, the original dedication by Margus Agrippa. It is also often called the eighth wonder of the world and is a true architectural wonder. Even though the real purpose of the Pantheon is still unknown, it is called the “sphinx of the Campus Martius” which refers to the history, location and architecture of this place- how standing in front of the Pantheon can take visitors 2000 years back, manifesting how glorious Rome truly is.

Things to Do

One can always take a tour at the Pantheon. There are a number of choices between audio guides, self-guided tours, and trained guides. A few examples include Official Pantheon Audio Tour, Hour Home Walking Tour, Rick Steves Pantheon Audio Tour, Legends of Pantheon, etc. that visitors can choose according to their preference. There are also a number of attractions that are in close proximity to the Pantheon. These include Church of Gesu, Piazza Colonna, Area Sacra Di Largo Argentina, Piazza Navona, and Museo di Roma. Apart from that, there are a number of places to stay quite close to the Pantheon. Right from hotels, resorts and motels that offer 5-star services, luxurious rooms within walking distance from the Pantheon. Visitors can also find simplistic homestays a few kilometers away from this attraction. As for food, there is a wide range of culinary options around the Pantheon. Visitors can choose from a plethora of cheese and wine restaurants, pasta, pizzas, and desserts. What’s more, gluten-free and vegan options are also available here.

History

The Pantheon was first built between 27-25 CE under the reign of Hadrian by the statesman Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. However, it was around 118 -128 AD by the time it was completed and alterations were made until the 3rd Century. The purpose of this building is still unknown but it was initially built as a temple for all the Pagan gods. Unfortunately, in 80 AD, the building was destroyed in a fire. In the 7th century, the building was donated to Pope Boniface IV who then transformed it into a church. Today, the Pantheon is considered to be one of the most fortunate ancient buildings in Rome.

Architecture

In its time, the Pantheon dome was the largest built, measuring around 43 meters in diameter and 71 meters in height. The exterior is a rectangular structure with a triangular pediment. It consists of a porch which is mostly Greek in presentation and was made using bricks and white marble. The interior consists of the dome, comprising of a series of 8 intersecting arches. Visitors enter this building through two bronze doors measuring 12x7.5 meters. At the center of the dome is the 8.8-meter oculus which is the main source of light in the dome. Its success is often credited to the quality and variety of material used to build the dome. Till date, the Pantheon is believed to be a unique structure and is in a perfect state of preservation.

Facts and tips

The word “Pantheon” comes from the Greek word that means “honor all gods”.
The Pantheon was the first to be built as a temple for all the gods of Pagan Rome.
This place is extremely crowded on all days between 11:00 am and 6:00 pm. It is best to plan your visit between 9:00 am and 11:00 am.
Needless to say, the Pantheon is busier on weekends than during the week.
The Pantheon is the best-preserved monuments in history. The structure and composition of this building are still unknown and seems to be similar to modern-day concrete. It is often considered to be way ahead of time.
The Pantheon looks the best when it is raining or snowing.
The exact age of the Pantheon is unknown.
Till date, the dome remains the largest dome in history that is unsupported.
On 21st April every year, visitors can witness a lightning effect when the midday sun strikes a metal grille above the doorway which gives way to sunlight throughout the courtyard outside.
The Pantheon was saved from being destroyed by the Middle Ages as it was the first Pagan temple to be converted into a church.